Analysing block titles

I will demonstrate how the title of a magazine can interpret what genre the magazine will be and its target audiance.

Denotation

Big bold red letters which stands out and is a short title which keeps the audience interested and the 3 main colours red, black and white.

Connotationthe word vibe is a music genre word which indicates that the magazine is a music magazine, whilst the word vibe is a slang word for vibration which is an explanation of the strings on a guitar, revealing the genre to be indie/ rock.

Colour

The 3 contrasting colours could symbolise that the magazine has a variety of readers and caters to a wider audience, and the red could symbolise passion for music.

Font style

The font is similar to bold Ariel doesn’t use serifs which shows a dedication to music but the size of the font represents the loudness of the magazine and the great music which would entertain the audience,

Suggested image

Of all the attributes of the title block I would assume that the magazine is a indie/ rock genre and would cater to audiences such as teenagers and young adults.

 

Denotation

The big bold letters assist the luminous colour which helps it stand out and catch the audience’s attention. The name of the magazine ‘the source’ helps the magazine gain gravitas as we associate the word ‘the’ in front of words or names of people we believe to be important so the word ‘the’ makes the magazine seem more important.

Connotationthe colours of the magazine are different which could symbolise that there are many aspects of the magazine which could cater to more then one type of audience, and the phrase ‘the source’ could symbolise that the magazine is where you get all the information from about this kind of music.

Colour

The two contrasting colours luminous yellow and black could symbolise a kind of grunge magazine as the colours do not match like it is out of the ordinary.

Font style

The font is similar to bold Ariel doesn’t use serifs which shows a dedication to music but the size of the font represents the loudness of the magazine and the great music which would entertain the audience, but the sideways of the word ‘the’ gives an interesting twist to the magazine.

Suggested image

All the attributes of the title including the grunge style colours and the font style help identify that the magazine is a grunge, rock genre style magazine and that the target audience would be young adults to middle aged men.

Denotation

The letter ‘Q’ is short for an acronym, it is short for the name of the man who raised the magazine which can also associate a mysterious ideal magazine which is ‘Quieten Richardson’.

Connotationthe bold letter and bright background symbolises the sophistication of the magazine which helps the magazine gain more readers as it appeals to people as they believe if they buy a sophisticated magazine then they will be sophisticated also.

Colour

The colours red and white could symbolise England, which shows it’s an English magazine and has English angles to music.

Font style

This kind of letter has a serif which shows a classy aspect of the magazine. And that it is the first letter of a mans name.

Suggested image

A classy magazine is imagined as the block title is an interesting example of sophisticated magazines and how they will have music but not any explicit music which helps understand who the target audience is, which is children from all ages men and women.

Denotation

The meaning of the title is ‘new musical express’, most magazines shorten their title which is called abbreviation, this is to make the title short and to the point which would attract the reader, to catch their attention.

Connotation

The bold letters have a bold outline which signifies the magazines contents will be loud, daring and interesting, which will appeal to its target audience which could be an indie/ rock audience as these colours represent being loud and interesting music.

Colour

The 3 colours of red, white and black are interesting as normally a background would be white and the outline would be black but here it is the other way round, which gives a significant idea that the magazine will explore all kinds of different music.

Font style

The font style looks like Ariel Black which is excellent for a magazine that was to stand out to readers on a shop shelf, and this title has grasped it as its bold font gives the reader the impression that the magazine will be exciting and different.

Suggested image

An epic and diverse magazine is interpreted as it will be unlike all the other magazines in the market as the font style along with the colours create an impact that catches the readers eye.

Denotation

The word mojo originally means a charm or a spell. But now it’s more commonly said meaning sex appeal or talent.

Connotation
the magazines title has a black shadow, which would signify its importance and that the magazine will be exciting and interesting for its readers, this magazine could be a kind of rock and roll magazine or old style magazine.

Colour

The colour scheme of black and white with a black shadow could show that the magazine has a old style that will attract readers as it is a genre that has a gap in the market at the moment.

Font style

This font looks like Berlin Sans FB which has no serif but has a more sophistication to it. Which attracts readers as you can tell by the title what kind of genre it is, as you wouldn’t have a rock magazine with serif writing.

Suggested image

This magazine is interesting as it seems to be a rock and roll magazine also the genre of rock and roll has faded throughout the generations, so the gap in the market may impress readers with this magazine.

Denotation

Kerrang is onomatopoetic; it refers to the sound made when playing a power chord on an electric guitar, for anyone who knows about music they would know that electric guitars are used in genres such as indie and rock, and automatically tells the reader that the magazine is an indie, rock magazine.

ConnotationThe Title of the Magazine’s design is very grunge as it looks smashed, this represents how rock legends smash there guitars at concerts, which tells the audience that the magazine will be based on the genre of indie/rock.

Colour

The use of the colour black shows the stereotype of indie band members or singers constantly wearing black, this could be related to the features in there magazine to keep the colour in the magazine the same,

Font style

This font looks similar to Algerian which is not sophisticated or fancy but is a kind of different style to any other magazines, which will attract the reader, the diverseness of the titles font shows that it is a loud kind of style of music.

Suggested image

This magazine will be loud and have a colour trend of black as it is an indie style magazine with interesting features which will stand out amongst other magazines.

Denotation

The breakdown of the title ‘mix’ shows that the magazine has a variety of content in the genre and the ‘mag’ is obvious as together it means that the magazine will have varieties of different style of music.

Connotation
the title of the magazine is very light and looks different from other magazines which could make the genre a dance style magazine.

Colour

The colour and shade of orange is different from other magazines as the colour orange is normally used in rock magazines but in a darker shade to show individuality, but here it is to show how fun the magazine will be.

Font style

This font looks similar to Eras Bold ITC it is big and has no serif, but has a bright colour which reveals how the magazine is lively.

Suggested image

The magazine will be a dance magazine that has a lot of colour and will be interesting to the reader as there is a gap in a dance music magazine.

Proposal for my magazine

The main point of this proposal is to find out who my audiance will be for my magazine and aspects such as :
age
gendre
ethnicity
location

The chosen genre I have decided is the best choice that has a gap in the market is classical, classical music is commonly known as boring by younger readers so I intend to make it more up to date but still keeping the original classics, I will mix the classical genre with a younger generation genre which is Indie. I will also include other aspects that will attract a wider range of readers this will boost the gap in the magazine market. My chosen audience is C1 to D socio economic scale teenagers aged 16-21 and will be in the UK, who will be mostly be white working class as it is common that white ethnic people tend to listen to more classical music, because I believe that even though they are not the target audience of most classical music magazines they are the one of the largest groups of readers, and I believe that they can change the gap in the market. Although my target audience is for both male and female, I believe that the male ‘masculinity’ issues of needing to be tough etc will decline as many male readers.

Ideal reader profile

This is Darcy she is 16 years of age which means she is in her mid teens that makes her perfect for my magazine audience as she would be into this group of readers who are between 16- 21, Darcy is a female, so she would be interested in the classical music as it has a ‘feminine’ side to it which she would find appealing. She lives in a family who are in the C2 socio economic scale which means she is around the collection of people who have high reading skills and are educated to a well extent; this accepts her as a good reader for the magazine as there will be detailed text which would not be suitable to someone with mediocre reading specifically thee socio economic group. Darcy is interested in music and is taking her A levels and wants to become a journalist for a music magazine in the near future, this kind of reader that this magazine would attract. Since the Uk‘s population is mostly White-English the covers of the magazines are commonly of a white male or female, this would be common for Darcy to see this on a magazine and also the majority of people who read magazines are white middle class people, which appeals to Darcy as she represents the key readership. The location of this magazine will be throughout the United Kingdom which applies to the key readership as there is a great amount of the White population in the UK which will boost readership. Since the genre of the magazine I have chosen is Classical Darcy will be a reader who wants prestige and being recognised alike the featured people in the magazine.

Link to my questionnaire on my music magazine.

I am intending to make a classical music magazine can you please take a few minutes to answer these questions, click on the link below .




http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/WBM77W7


Sorry this Questionnaire has now closed thank you for answering !!!

Links between production of magazines and other media

Task 1:

Research the following publishers:

Bauer -http://www.bauer.co.uk/

Mainstream publisher; produce mainstream magazines that cater to the working class audience. Largest privately owned publisher in Europe, owned by private individuals trying to make money. Lifestyle and TV magazines are normally aimed at working class as it is mostly about working class people.

IPC Media- http://www.ipcmedia.com/

IPC Media produces over 85 iconic media brands which produce classic types of magazines that have a specific style, which produces mainstream magazines such as now which are reaching almost two thirds of UK women and 44% of UK men –almost 27 million UK adults, they are a massive magazine company so they do mostly sport, hobbies and lifestyle magazines. They don’t have a specific reader as they are so diverse.

BBC magazines- http://www.bbcmagazines.com/

The BBC produces mainstream magazines as they produce and own magazines that are popular such as ‘Top gear’ and ‘top of the pops’. And caters to both men and women which makes there target audience everyone as it has no specifics and caters for all tastes and interests not just for one social group which makes is have mass readers. The trend or style of these magazines are that they all are very colourful and are all different which shows they stand out. BBC has its own Radio station to also cater and vary to its audiences as the radio station plays various music. BBC also has many channels which show many Soap Operas about Working Class people but also other TV shows what are suitable for other viewers.

Development Hell- http://developmenthell.co.uk/

This magazine company is a Niche company as they aim and cater to an underground audience not mainstream so not many shops sell them, specialist shops sell them such as in Soho who cater to people who work in media would buy the magazine. There target audience would be working men and women. They have a trend for using black, bold font.

Analysis of Cheryl Cole Contents Page

The purose of this essay is to identify how a singer is represented in a music magaine and how they also present themselves in there costume.

The magazine uses images of Cheryl Cole in a long shot, to show her body positioning, costume, and the colour she wears, this mise-en-scene constructs an image for the reader to think of what kind of artist they are and if they like them or dislike them.

      The same 4 colours are used to create a sense of professional theme; the colours are red, black, grey and white but the main colour that stands out is red, when we view Cheryl Cole in one of her music videos we always see her in red and always has red lipstick this colour could represent the singer and show her passion for music. It does support the style of the front cover as it also has a repetition of the colour red which is the same reoccurrence in the whole magazine. It does has a kind of house style as they constantly use these colours, and they use the same layout on all the4 articles and the are always at least two images on the page.

 

The paradigmatic of the layout of text is put this way as it is easier for the reader to access more information on Cheryl Cole just by clicking on the left hand side of the page which has the features contents and Cheryl Cole is one of the main headings so the layout of the article helps the reader find specific information very quickly. The different sections are on different pages which are useful as it tells you what page to go to instead of having to search for it yourself, which takes a lot of time to do, on page 12. The feature is 50 Cent, on page 38. A feature on Them Crooked Vultures, on page 46 the feature is Cheryl Cole and on page 72 there is a feature on John Lennon. It tells us that the magazine is about the music industry as all the features are music artists of a wide range, not just in one genre as we would associate 50 Cent with Cheryl Cole as they are both in the R’n’B genre but there is also a feature on The Beatles star John Lennon which is of a different decade of music and genre.

The magazine promotes all the artists it features like Cheryl Cole as they talk about her upcoming music and when it’s out etc, which is promoting her. Where she is a known artist every time she has an interview or an article is being wrote about her they mention her music otherwise you would only have gossip on her no truth, so it is almost constant that they talk about her music.

No the logo is placed on the top left hand corner of every page which gives a sense of repetition and reliability that the audience will know where it is constantly which also gives the magazine a sense of professionalism also. It is not very dominant but it stands out among the title of the page, which it is meant to do and the logo always stays the same size, font and colour. The promotional text on the article are topics like ‘ new to Q special’ which promotes new artists and there music and also ‘Q50’ promotes music that are the most requested and helps endorse the artist and its music.

Analysis Of Cheryl Cole Article

The purpose of this essay is to show how a pop star respresents themselves in music magazines and how they are shown by the media.

          The chosen artist is pop sensation Cheryl Cole; the audience could be identified as working class people of all ages and could arguably presume that upper class men would also be apart of her audience as Cheryl Cole is a big sexual attraction  among the young men of this modern day society. however the magazines usual kind of reader is rock and indie fans as the magazine normally promotes these kinds of artists but in attempting to promote the R'n'B princess to widen there audiance and attract different artists as they want to promote the magazine.

 

The layout of sign and semiotics is informal language as the journalist begins his article by concluding the young singers feelings by her own words ‘Cheryl Cole is sick to death of looking herself’ this statement said by the journalist is very personal and can be assumed that he is trying to give the reader a since of what she is like, this helps the magazine construct itself as no reader would buy a magazine that they didn’t believe, its like an observer as she is a new kind of artist and many people will be interested to see her in this kind of magazine.The semiotics is like an observer as we get direct information such as ‘ Cheryl Cole is sick to death of looking herself ’ this can be proved to be right as he gives direct notions of Cheryl Cole’s movement and what she says exactly. ‘I don’t know what I look like anymore’ this quote  backs up the journalist as many readers could argue that he was presuming this statement but he got her to actually say it.

The style of text used is constant throughout the article which is sans serif text as the words are in bold and have no flicks this represents the kind of singer Cheryl Cole is and how serious she is about her image in the music industry and how dedicated she is to her music. But as the interviewer claimed that the singer said ' i dont know what i look like anymore, im sick of looking at myself' tis is kind of hypocritical as for the reader we love looking at Cheryl Cole as she is a good looking singer and half of her fan base is men as they are attracted to her, so for her to mention her looks is interesting as many of her fans love looking at her.

The article is laid out in 3 pages, the first page is taken over by text about the Fight For This Love singer with a small image of her looking professional in one of her new music videos, this image helps the reader get to know the singer as many say that a picture is worth a 1000 words, and the type of picture helps tell the reader what kind of artist she is all down to the Mise-en-scene which is also covered by semiotics. The second page is jus a image of her in the size of the whole page with a few small comments on it do describe what the singer is about, finally the 3^rd page is similar to the first but the image is bigger and the text is in balance with the image.

The magazine is addressing the reader as a friend as this genre of singer is laid back and young celebrity which tries to appeal to her fan base by being like everyone else, so the interviewer makes the article not so uptight with advanced vocabulary but lenient , although it still gives a professional approach.

The images of Cheryl Cole in this article are very professional as you can tell they have been taken by a professional photographer and in a related backdrop, so the images create a personality which is commonly known to the audience and her fans which are attributes such as dedicated , passionate, good looking and down to earth. As the mise-en-scene used in these images are done to create an idea, for example the first page image of the young singer is of her wearing a top hat covering her face expect for her red lips which could signify she is mysterious and the red lips to show she has passion for music, while her backdrop is at night and in a city, which could imply she has a busy life .

The article relates to the magazine cover as it both uses the same mise-en-scene with its colour choice and layout , however the main difference is the body positioning as usually in a magazine cover about an artist the editor would rather have just a close up shot of the artists face not the whole body and in this case it is correct as we the audiance only preview her head and facial expression which is the key aspect in promoting the magazine for readers to buy it.
No, the information all about the aritst is in the article and just does a quick summery of her life and her music, this article is very wellwritten as it opens doors to new audiances as they would not need to know anything about the artist to read the article , this makes the article look attractive to a new reader.

Analysis Of Article 2

 The image suggests that the legend that was the lead vocalist in the 70’s rock bad Led Zeppelin is creating his own sound his target audience could possibly be old Led Zeppelin fans as they liked Robert Plant in the band so they believe they now. The audience could be rock or blues fans as Robert plays and sings both genres.
 The Semiotics language used in this 3 page article is like an academic quality as it is formal language, which introduces a professional approach. This language could appeal to the audience as they would think that he is a man who has been around for three decades and he is very inspirational. ‘the shift into two nine is alkalito to Thompson’s acid, a stomping acoustic blues borrowed from lightning Hopkins but imbued with a banjo hoedown spirit’
The magazine addresses the reader like an interview as the article is set out in a way that the reader observes the article as a point of view, that the article asks questions and we get the interviewee giving a detailed description
The font in this article is Sans Serif as the person asking the questions is writing in bold letters which look to be Ariel Black, and the interviewees writing is clean and looks professional, like Ariel. This persuades the audience to believe that the artist is serious about his music and that he is a legend who knows what he is talking about . This font is a regular occurrence on all pages this represents the artist how he was a constant through all the years of ‘Led Zeppelin’ then to do his own music afterwards.
 The paradigm is laid out that the article is 3 pages, the first page is a picture surrounded by text and the second page is a picture that takes up most of the page and hen some text by the side of it, then the third page is all text which makes an even amount of text and images, which gives the audience a visual idea and reading idea.
 The images used in this article are very important as they can persuade a reader on who they think the artist is, and how they see them , the artist on the first page is a long shot so we can see his body positioning and what kind of costume he wears which shows what kind of artist is. Since he is sitting on a chair with his feet up he looks very relaxed and he is looking up not directly at the camera.
 The article picture isn’t similar to any other picture on the magazine , so it represents that there are many sides to this artist and that he has different styles not like most artists who has just one.
The article shows the artists background and how he presents himself and his music through the text but also shows his costume and facial expression through the images, this is through out the article which shows a sense of routine and similarity to the article.
　

Analysis Of Article 1

 The article features a band called Paramore, and each member has there own interview, this gives there audience a chance to get to know them better individually, the band are a indie, rock group that always has a lot to say, there target audience would be indie, rock fans among the ages of 15 to 50.
 Informal language is used but only to an extent as it is not all big words , there are some words that suit the genre of the band such as ‘post-hardcore’ and ‘charisma’ this informal language is to make the reader feel like they are actually talking to the group instead of reading it from another persons experience with them.
　
 The magazine addresses the reader like a foreseer, a person who happened to be at the right place at the right time, as he/she introduces the bands life before they got famous and then gave quotes that they actually said ‘I am who I am with no apologies ‘this gives the reader a burst of excitement as they start to believe the article when they see the bands own words provided.
 The font used in this article is a sans serif as the font is bold, hard and more clean, it looks like Ariel, this persuades the audience to believe that the band are fun and different but they are serious about there music and are determined to show people that they are one of the bests bands out there, this style of font is common on most pages especially on the article pages but some pages have serif font which brings out the fun and energetic side of the band. The text is arranged to a clean standard as all the lines are joined up, although the subtitles above the text are bolder and are highlighted, so it brings a bigger image of the kind of band the magazine are interviewing.
The page is laid out that the article is two pages, there is one page full of article then the other page next to it is a huge picture of the interviewee which for readers who do not know who Paramore are could identify them if they saw them again, there is also a long shot photo of the interviewee again in between both pages that is smaller then the big image but still a good size. There is one full page of article writing which shows that the band is about appearances as much as getting there opinion across.
 The images used in this article are very important as it could persuade the audience to either like the band or dislike them, the images of each band member is a mid shot to show there body position, the main singer ‘Hayley Williams’ is bent forward with a smile/pout on her face and has tried her best to make her eyes look good with her head tilted, this shows her playful side. However the other band members are all boys and there poses are very serious with there hands by there side and with serious faces , this could show that Hayley is the fn and adventurous one while they are more focused on the work.
 The article is similar to the front cover as they use the same colours which are white, black and red and all the band members are wearing the same costume as they were on the front cover they are also doing similar poses on the front cover as they were in the articles. The article shows the basics of the band and still shows the same colour scheme and layout which was provided in the front cover this shows a sense of routine and is good for readers of the magazine as they would know what to expect.
　
　

First Draft For My Music Magazine

Gracie Day

DATE OF BIRTH: APRIL 24, 1987
WHAT DOES SHE DO?: Vocals, Piano

Who is she?

Waiting for her name to be called among the other hopefuls for her primary school Christmas play, Gracie Day felt the anxiety of having to audition in front of her fellow class mates, never knowing how they would react to her voice, standing in the middle of the stage looking out into the darkness with a single spotlight over her she began her song, the feeling of expressing her emotions in that audition shinned through her performance and she ended with a smile on her face, that was the first time people saw this young girl sing, as she was agreed the lead in her play . From a young age Gracie loved to sing and listen to the classics her family would play as she walked in everyday from school, the music her family loved were the classics to the blues, this led to Gracie’s  journey into music and began singing regularly.

Born in the city of London in the 1980’s Gracie began to explore as many kinds of music as she could but as the 80’s funky and outrageous new kind of sound appeared the trend for classical music wasn’t the rage and made it hard for people to be interested in it, but she knew that she had to prove to everyone that she had what it takes. From the age of seven Gracie had started singing lessons, she knew a few pop songs that she herd in school but she knew her heart lied with the classical style of music.

After Gracie’s grandmother died of a stroke in the summer of June 5th 1999, Gracie moved with her family to Dublin to start a fresh new life, she was determined to pursue in singing and wasn’t going to take no for an answer, she spent two years building up her appearances in local festivals and writing her own songs, eventually Gracie became noticed by a label called ‘Albany Records’ from then on she has graced her fans with the wonderful, soulful music she wrote along with her charming voice. Along the years we have been listening to Gracie she has evolved very much as she can create a relationship with her crowd within moments of her being on stage, she also has matured hugely with her performances and song writing as she is even more confident then she was previously and now has provided two world wide singles ‘your love is my all’ and ‘sleeping alone’. These songs have opened Gracie’s groups of audiences as she has different listeners then she would normally have.

What‘s her opinion?

Many things have occurred in her life which have been apart of her success, some are awful and some are excellent, but through all this she still finds time to enjoy it all and stay on top ‘ I know who I am and know that my music will speak to many different people’,  Gracie makes an effort to try and speak to many different kinds of people through her music, as she has always believed that people into genres other then classical would enjoy her music as it is an urban classical music. Gracie has always been praised by her fans for writing all of her own songs, they also admire how she writes for other singers even in different genres of music as she rote for artists such as Jasmine Cooper and Daniel Lenn ‘I find that if artists are interested in my music then they are more then welcome to sing my songs, my fans know who I write for but I hope they will continue to listen to me as I feel like I am the luckiest girl alive’

Preliminary College Magazine Front Cover

By creating this magazine I have used Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator, by using Photoshop I was able to change the brightness and contrast of my image to make it lighter and more professional, while in illustrator I made many changes such as the gradient, making it look more sharp and more pleasant, I learned how to make a text and image disappear with the use of the wand tool.

Premliminary Image

Analysis of Brtiney Spears posters

This image is a medium- long shot; it is framed by cropping her knees out and focusing on her cleavage, her costume is very sexual and innocent as she caters to men’s fantasy by wearing a push up bra and poker dot briefs which attract men’s attention. This says that her image contains subliminal messages as she is with a child’s toy (teletubies) which shows she’s still a young girl and her music is supposed to be attracting young girls, but uses her innocence to appeal to men. The prop she is holding is very childlike but there phone she has in the other hand contrasts with the toy as it shows she could be a part of a men’s chat line and she’s one of the girls, this introduces the role of intertextuality as Britney herself is a media product and she is also holding another media product which is for a children’s TV show, both these media products are loved by the same audience which are children. But the TV Show Teletubies also has subliminal messages as its names are of a sexual nature.

The setting used is of her in her bedroom , and looks like she’s on her bedspread as its pink and she’s laying down , the fact that its pink shows that she has a really girly side as most of the colours used in this poster are pink.

　

This is a medium-long shot, its framed gets the important parts of her body which are the attraction, a medium long shot has been used to captured the main parts of her body as it is a closer look at her body. Britney’s costume is very provocative as she only has white knickers on, and her pose is direct as she pushes up against a wall to make her body features stand out more, such as her bottom, it is erect and is an important feature for men. The way she is dressed and her body position makes a very intimate relationship with her readers as her audience will be teenage boys or men as she has abandoned her previous audience of children and entered a new group of admirers. The setting is of a pure white background to support the white costume, which is to create the image of innocence and purity; this is an appeal to the men gender as they enjoy this fantasy. The lighting of the poster is very light to make her seem more pure and graceful.
　
　
　
　
　
　
　

This image has been chosen to show Britney’s Vulnerability, and her facial expression is a direct mode of address as if she is asking the reader for help, and creates a feeling of sympathy from the readers as they believe she has had a rough time, she also looks like she is going to cry , this interests the reader as they could be intrigued as to find out what made her feel that way and get the gossip. The black and white background indicates to the reader that the young, full of life girl has gone and the grown up Britney is here. The image as been cropped in a certain way to emphasise Britney’s emotions as her facial expression is the main attraction that lures the readers to the magazine , her facial expression is worth a 100 words as it can tell a story , as her eyes look sad , and she is giving a direct mode of address which shows she wants to tell the audience something, she also looks more older, which shows she has left her past behind her. Since we have previously known Britney to be a wild teenager and something drastic always happens to her, we now want to fine out if she has really grown up . By Britney’s facial expression we the audience can see she wishes to experience a professional relationship with the audience as she would want to have as many fans as possible but by this poster we can tell she needs her own space. This image is supported by anchorage text as Britney relationship with the audience can be seen in her facial expression and he direct mode of address to the reader helps with the link between the two.